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methyl β cyclodextrin  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Structured Review

    Thermo Fisher methyl β cyclodextrin
    Methyl β Cyclodextrin, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/methyl+%CE%B2+cyclodextrin/Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin/pmc13158621-34-0-7
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    methyl β cyclodextrin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    95/100 stars

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    other:

    Article Title: Engineering a safe and potent LNP-mRNA delivery system by leveraging the dual activities of α-tocopherol
    Article Snippet: Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (average Mw 1310) was sourced from Acros Organics (Germany).

    Article Title: Cholesterol promotes the formation of dimers and oligomers of the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1
    Article Snippet: To reduce cholesterol levels in HEK293T, cultures were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD; Acros Organics).

    Article Title: Cholesterol promotes the formation of dimers and oligomers of the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1.
    Article Snippet: To reduce cholesterol levels in HEK293T, cultures were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD; Acros Organics).

    Article Title: Cholesterol promotes the formation of dimers and oligomers of the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1
    Article Snippet: To reduce the level of cholesterol in HEK293T and HeLa cells, cultures were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD, Acros Organics) to extract cholesterol from cellular membranes.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Elucidating lipid nanoparticle properties and structure through biophysical analyses.
    Article Snippet: Designing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems with specific targeting, potency and minimal side effects is crucial for their clinical use.. However, traditional characterization methods, such as dynamic light scattering, cannot accurately quantify physicochemical properties of LNPs and how these are influenced by the lipid composition and mixing method.. Here, we structurally characterize polydisperse LNP formulations by applying emerging solution-based biophysical methods that have higher resolution and provide biophysical data beyond size and polydispersity.

    Article Title: ApoE is secreted as a lipid nanoparticle by mammalian cells: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease pathogenesis
    Article Snippet: Then, media was aspirated and cells were loaded with BODIPY-cholesterol (Cayman Chemicals, # 24618), as previously described. .. 52 Briefly, cells were incubated for 1 h in RPMI-1640 with 2.5% FBS containing 0.45 mM BODIPY-cholesterol, 1.8 mM cholesterol (Sigma Aldrich, # C8667) and 2.5 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Thermo Scientific, #377111000). .. After, cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated for the indicated amount of time in RPMI-1640 without phenol red (Gibco, # 11835030) with comparable amounts of ApoE3 Peak 1, ApoE3 Peak 2, or Apo-AI in commercially available HDL (Medix Biochemica, # 361–10) To measure the amount of leakage from the cells, a control with neither Peak 1 nor Peak 2 was performed.

    Reverse Transcription:

    Article Title: Programmable Lipid Functionalization of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles Modulates Liver Cell-Type Targeting
    Article Snippet: Oligonucleotide synthesis reagents and consumables were acquired from Glen Research. .. Bovine serum albumin (#37525), Ultra TMB-ELISA substrate (#34021), Wheat Germ Agglutinin Alexa Fluor 488 (# W11261 ), Alexa Fluor 647 NHS Ester (#A20006), PBS containing magnesium and calcium (#14040133), poly- d -lysine (#A3890401), SYBR Safe (# S33102 ), High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (#4374966), Taqman probes for human ALDH2 FAM (#4331182), human HRPT VIC (#4331182), mouse ALDH2 FAM (#4331182), mouse HRPT VIC (#4331182), cell scrapers (#179693), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (J66847.06), and colchicine (J61072.ME) were acquired from ThermoFisher Scientific. .. Oligolysine-PEG was acquired from Alamanda Polymers (#mPEG5K- b -PLKC10).

    Article Title: Programmable Lipid Functionalization of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles Modulates Liver Cell-Type Targeting.
    Article Snippet: Oligonucleotide synthesis reagents and consumables were acquired from Glen Research. .. Bovine serum albumin (#37525), Ultra TMB-ELISA substrate (#34021), Wheat Germ Agglutinin Alexa Fluor 488 (#W11261), Alexa Fluor 647 NHS Ester (#A20006), PBS containing magnesium and calcium (#14040133), poly-D-lysine (#A3890401), SYBR Safe (#S33102), High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (#4374966), Taqman probes for human ALDH2 FAM (#4331182), human HRPT VIC (#4331182), mouse ALDH2 FAM (#4331182), mouse HRPT VIC (#4331182), cell scrapers (#179693), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (J66847.06), and colchicine (J61072.ME) were acquired from ThermoFisher Scientific. .. Oligolysine-PEG was acquired from Alamanda Polymers (#mPEG5K-bPLKC10).



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    Species-level susceptibility thresholds (MIC 90 and EC 10 ) across Candida species for native EO and <t>RAMEB-EO</t> formulations. ( A ) MIC 90 and ( B ) EC 10 values for the native EO condition; ( C ) MIC 90 and ( D ) EC 10 values for the corresponding RAMEB-EO (REO) condition, shown across the four species groups: Ca (red: C. albicans ), Ct (blue: C. tropicalis ), Ck (yellow: C. krusei ), and Cd (green: C. dubliniensis ). Boxplots summarize the distribution within each species (median line with interquartile range), with mean-based overlays shown as indicated in the legend (mean marker; mean ± 1 SE; mean ± 95% CI). Horizontal brackets denote statistically significant between-species differences for the given endpoint/formulation (multiple-comparison-adjusted pairwise contrasts); significance levels are indicated as ** ( p < 0.001) on the plot. Error bar overlays represent mean ± SE and mean ± 95% CI as indicated.
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    Species-level susceptibility thresholds (MIC 90 and EC 10 ) across Candida species for native EO and RAMEB-EO formulations. ( A ) MIC 90 and ( B ) EC 10 values for the native EO condition; ( C ) MIC 90 and ( D ) EC 10 values for the corresponding RAMEB-EO (REO) condition, shown across the four species groups: Ca (red: C. albicans ), Ct (blue: C. tropicalis ), Ck (yellow: C. krusei ), and Cd (green: C. dubliniensis ). Boxplots summarize the distribution within each species (median line with interquartile range), with mean-based overlays shown as indicated in the legend (mean marker; mean ± 1 SE; mean ± 95% CI). Horizontal brackets denote statistically significant between-species differences for the given endpoint/formulation (multiple-comparison-adjusted pairwise contrasts); significance levels are indicated as ** ( p < 0.001) on the plot. Error bar overlays represent mean ± SE and mean ± 95% CI as indicated.

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Species-level susceptibility thresholds (MIC 90 and EC 10 ) across Candida species for native EO and RAMEB-EO formulations. ( A ) MIC 90 and ( B ) EC 10 values for the native EO condition; ( C ) MIC 90 and ( D ) EC 10 values for the corresponding RAMEB-EO (REO) condition, shown across the four species groups: Ca (red: C. albicans ), Ct (blue: C. tropicalis ), Ck (yellow: C. krusei ), and Cd (green: C. dubliniensis ). Boxplots summarize the distribution within each species (median line with interquartile range), with mean-based overlays shown as indicated in the legend (mean marker; mean ± 1 SE; mean ± 95% CI). Horizontal brackets denote statistically significant between-species differences for the given endpoint/formulation (multiple-comparison-adjusted pairwise contrasts); significance levels are indicated as ** ( p < 0.001) on the plot. Error bar overlays represent mean ± SE and mean ± 95% CI as indicated.

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Marker, Formulation, Comparison

    The MIC 90 -EC 10 phase plasticity landscape highlights species- and formulation-dependent separation between inhibitory and sub-inhibitory regimes. ( A ) Two-dimensional susceptibility map plotting MIC 90 ( y -axis) against EC 10 ( x -axis) for all strain–treatment observations. Points are colored by treatment (see legend) and grouped by species (Ca, Ct, Ck, and Cd). Gray dashed guides/boxes indicate the within-species spread of MIC 90 -EC 10 coordinates, emphasizing the differences in susceptibility dispersion (plasticity) among species. ( B ) Distribution and geometry of the phase plasticity window, defined as the separation between EC 10 and MIC 90 . The boxplot summarizes the overall distribution of MIC 90 -EC 10 separation (Δs = EC 10 − MIC 90 ; top), and the scatter shows MIC 90 vs. EC 10 colored by formulation class (RC: antifungal reference controls vs. native EO vs. REO: RAMEB-EO), illustrating how formulation shifts points within the MIC-EC plane. Marginal boxplots (right/top) summarize axis-wise distributions. A larger EC 10 -MIC 90 separation indicates a broader sub-inhibitory window (greater phase plasticity), whereas tighter coupling suggests a narrower transition from partial effect to near-complete inhibition.

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The MIC 90 -EC 10 phase plasticity landscape highlights species- and formulation-dependent separation between inhibitory and sub-inhibitory regimes. ( A ) Two-dimensional susceptibility map plotting MIC 90 ( y -axis) against EC 10 ( x -axis) for all strain–treatment observations. Points are colored by treatment (see legend) and grouped by species (Ca, Ct, Ck, and Cd). Gray dashed guides/boxes indicate the within-species spread of MIC 90 -EC 10 coordinates, emphasizing the differences in susceptibility dispersion (plasticity) among species. ( B ) Distribution and geometry of the phase plasticity window, defined as the separation between EC 10 and MIC 90 . The boxplot summarizes the overall distribution of MIC 90 -EC 10 separation (Δs = EC 10 − MIC 90 ; top), and the scatter shows MIC 90 vs. EC 10 colored by formulation class (RC: antifungal reference controls vs. native EO vs. REO: RAMEB-EO), illustrating how formulation shifts points within the MIC-EC plane. Marginal boxplots (right/top) summarize axis-wise distributions. A larger EC 10 -MIC 90 separation indicates a broader sub-inhibitory window (greater phase plasticity), whereas tighter coupling suggests a narrower transition from partial effect to near-complete inhibition.

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Formulation, Dispersion, Inhibition

    Species-stratified survival (CFU) responses to essential oils and RAMEB–EO complexes. Estimated marginal means (EMMeans ± SE) of CFU (species-wise Z-transformed) from linear mixed models are shown for each treatment (L, B, P, T and their RAMEB-complexed counterparts RL, RB, RP, and RT). Rows correspond to Candida species (red: Ca; blue: Ct; yellow: Ck; and green: Cd). The horizontal dashed line indicates the within-species reference level (Z = 0). Negative EMMeans reflect reduced CFUs (greater survival suppression) relative to the species baseline, whereas positive values indicate comparatively higher CFU values. This visualization emphasizes species dependence and formulation-dependent shifts (EO vs. RAMEB–EO) in survival outcomes across the treatment panel (non-significant data). Error bars represent ± standard error (SE) of the estimated marginal means.

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Species-stratified survival (CFU) responses to essential oils and RAMEB–EO complexes. Estimated marginal means (EMMeans ± SE) of CFU (species-wise Z-transformed) from linear mixed models are shown for each treatment (L, B, P, T and their RAMEB-complexed counterparts RL, RB, RP, and RT). Rows correspond to Candida species (red: Ca; blue: Ct; yellow: Ck; and green: Cd). The horizontal dashed line indicates the within-species reference level (Z = 0). Negative EMMeans reflect reduced CFUs (greater survival suppression) relative to the species baseline, whereas positive values indicate comparatively higher CFU values. This visualization emphasizes species dependence and formulation-dependent shifts (EO vs. RAMEB–EO) in survival outcomes across the treatment panel (non-significant data). Error bars represent ± standard error (SE) of the estimated marginal means.

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Transformation Assay, Formulation

    Treatment-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress signatures across Candida species. ( A ) Global hierarchical clustering (Euclidean distance) of treatment signatures based on the standardized mechanistic marker panel RNS, ROS, CAT1 , GPX1 , and SOD1 (species-wise Z-transformed). ( B – E ) Species-stratified heatmaps showing mean Z-scores for each marker by treatment in ( B ) C. albicans (Ca), ( C ) C. tropicalis (Ct), ( D ) C. krusei (Ck), and ( E ) C. dubliniensis (Cd). The rows denote treatments (AM and FL: antifungal reference controls; MN: oxidative-stress control; L/B/P/T: essential oils; and RL/RB/RP/RT: corresponding RAMEB inclusion complexes). The columns indicate mechanistic readouts; the dashed vertical line separates stress markers (RNS/ROS) from antioxidant gene responses ( CAT1 / GPX1 / SOD1 ). The color scale represents mean Z-transformed deviation within species (red = higher-than-species mean; blue = lower-than-species mean), enabling the direct comparison of mechanistic exposure signatures across treatments while controlling baseline species differences (see for treatment-associated changes in antioxidant gene programs). The shaded grey region identifies the specific genes analyzed in this study.

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress signatures across Candida species. ( A ) Global hierarchical clustering (Euclidean distance) of treatment signatures based on the standardized mechanistic marker panel RNS, ROS, CAT1 , GPX1 , and SOD1 (species-wise Z-transformed). ( B – E ) Species-stratified heatmaps showing mean Z-scores for each marker by treatment in ( B ) C. albicans (Ca), ( C ) C. tropicalis (Ct), ( D ) C. krusei (Ck), and ( E ) C. dubliniensis (Cd). The rows denote treatments (AM and FL: antifungal reference controls; MN: oxidative-stress control; L/B/P/T: essential oils; and RL/RB/RP/RT: corresponding RAMEB inclusion complexes). The columns indicate mechanistic readouts; the dashed vertical line separates stress markers (RNS/ROS) from antioxidant gene responses ( CAT1 / GPX1 / SOD1 ). The color scale represents mean Z-transformed deviation within species (red = higher-than-species mean; blue = lower-than-species mean), enabling the direct comparison of mechanistic exposure signatures across treatments while controlling baseline species differences (see for treatment-associated changes in antioxidant gene programs). The shaded grey region identifies the specific genes analyzed in this study.

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Marker, Transformation Assay, Control, Comparison

    Planktonic metabolism and viability reveal treatment efficacy and species dependence. Panels show estimated marginal means (EMMeans ± SE) from linear mixed models (REML; Satterthwaite degree of freedom) for planktonic functional endpoints across the experimental treatment set (L, B, P, T, RL, RB, RP, and RT), with species indicated by color (red: Ca; blue: Ct; yellow: Ck; and green: Cd). The y -axis is the species-wise Z-transformed response (negative values indicate a shift below the species mean; positive values indicate a shift above the species mean). The x -axis lists treatments, grouped by parent essential oil (EO) and its corresponding RAMEB inclusion complex (REO). ( A – E ) Endpoint-specific EMMeans profiles (one endpoint per panel) illustrate the consistent treatment-driven modulation of planktonic physiology, while differences in the separation and ordering of species-colored points across the treatments indicate species-dependent efficacy patterns (treatment × species effects). The treatment efficiency levels for the experimental parameters (panel ( A ): planktonic metabolic activity/PMT; panel ( B ): planktonic viability/PVA; panel ( C ): biofilm attached cellular metabolic activity/BMT; panel ( D ): biofilm attached cellular viability/BVA; and panel ( E ): biofilm biomass/BB) decline along the horizontal axis, as indicated by the arrow. The significance levels are indicated as ** ( p < 0.001) on the plot. Treatment efficacy for each experimental parameter was inferred from the direction and magnitude of the standardized response associated with each endpoint.

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Planktonic metabolism and viability reveal treatment efficacy and species dependence. Panels show estimated marginal means (EMMeans ± SE) from linear mixed models (REML; Satterthwaite degree of freedom) for planktonic functional endpoints across the experimental treatment set (L, B, P, T, RL, RB, RP, and RT), with species indicated by color (red: Ca; blue: Ct; yellow: Ck; and green: Cd). The y -axis is the species-wise Z-transformed response (negative values indicate a shift below the species mean; positive values indicate a shift above the species mean). The x -axis lists treatments, grouped by parent essential oil (EO) and its corresponding RAMEB inclusion complex (REO). ( A – E ) Endpoint-specific EMMeans profiles (one endpoint per panel) illustrate the consistent treatment-driven modulation of planktonic physiology, while differences in the separation and ordering of species-colored points across the treatments indicate species-dependent efficacy patterns (treatment × species effects). The treatment efficiency levels for the experimental parameters (panel ( A ): planktonic metabolic activity/PMT; panel ( B ): planktonic viability/PVA; panel ( C ): biofilm attached cellular metabolic activity/BMT; panel ( D ): biofilm attached cellular viability/BVA; and panel ( E ): biofilm biomass/BB) decline along the horizontal axis, as indicated by the arrow. The significance levels are indicated as ** ( p < 0.001) on the plot. Treatment efficacy for each experimental parameter was inferred from the direction and magnitude of the standardized response associated with each endpoint.

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Functional Assay, Transformation Assay, Activity Assay

    Integrated treatment ranking identifies the most effective regimens across endpoints and highlights EO→RAMEB formulation shifts. The main panel shows treatment efficacy ranking based on the composite efficacy score (estimated marginal means, EMMeans ± SE) derived from linear mixed modeling on the standardized (species-wise Z-transformed) integrated endpoint score. Treatments are ordered left-to-right by increasing overall efficacy (arrow indicates rank direction). The dashed horizontal line denotes the neutral reference (0; no shift from the species-wise mean); more positive values indicate higher composite efficacy on the standardized scale, whereas negative values indicate comparatively weaker efficacy. Asterisks denote treatments that differ significantly from the reference level (Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons; ** p < 0.001). Inset: Slope plot summarizing the direction and magnitude of formulation effects within each EO family, comparing the parent EO to its corresponding RAMEB inclusion complex (R-EO) using the same integrated score. Upward slopes indicate improved efficacy after complexation, while downward slopes indicate reduced efficacy, illustrating that RAMEB reformulation produces family-specific shifts rather than a uniform advantage across all EOs.

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated treatment ranking identifies the most effective regimens across endpoints and highlights EO→RAMEB formulation shifts. The main panel shows treatment efficacy ranking based on the composite efficacy score (estimated marginal means, EMMeans ± SE) derived from linear mixed modeling on the standardized (species-wise Z-transformed) integrated endpoint score. Treatments are ordered left-to-right by increasing overall efficacy (arrow indicates rank direction). The dashed horizontal line denotes the neutral reference (0; no shift from the species-wise mean); more positive values indicate higher composite efficacy on the standardized scale, whereas negative values indicate comparatively weaker efficacy. Asterisks denote treatments that differ significantly from the reference level (Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons; ** p < 0.001). Inset: Slope plot summarizing the direction and magnitude of formulation effects within each EO family, comparing the parent EO to its corresponding RAMEB inclusion complex (R-EO) using the same integrated score. Upward slopes indicate improved efficacy after complexation, while downward slopes indicate reduced efficacy, illustrating that RAMEB reformulation produces family-specific shifts rather than a uniform advantage across all EOs.

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Formulation, Derivative Assay, Transformation Assay

    Multivariate mode-of-action landscape separates stress-intensity and antioxidant-program axes across treatments and species. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the aggregated treatment × species mechanistic signatures (RNS, ROS, CAT1 , GPX1 , and SOD1 ; Z-transformed within species). The biplot shows PC1 (86.22%) versus PC2 (13.08%) for each treatment–species signature. The points are colored by treatment type (RC = antifungal reference controls, EO = essential oils, and REO = RAMEB-EO complexes) and shaped by Candida species (Ca, Ct, Ck, and Cd). The dashed crosshairs indicate the origin (0, 0). The gray arrows depict rotated loading vectors: PC1 captures a dominant stress/redox intensity axis (positive direction aligned with ROS and SOD1 , opposed to GPX1 ), whereas PC2 reflects a CAT1 -centered antioxidant-response axis (positive direction aligned with CAT1 ). The centroid labels (treatment codes) indicate the mean position of each treatment across species. The hash marks (#) denote variables with the strongest contributions to the displayed axes (highest absolute loadings). Note: MN is excluded from this panel to prevent the stress-control anchor from compressing the experimental space; full PCA including MN is provided in the .

    Journal: Pharmaceutics

    Article Title: Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils

    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040508

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Multivariate mode-of-action landscape separates stress-intensity and antioxidant-program axes across treatments and species. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the aggregated treatment × species mechanistic signatures (RNS, ROS, CAT1 , GPX1 , and SOD1 ; Z-transformed within species). The biplot shows PC1 (86.22%) versus PC2 (13.08%) for each treatment–species signature. The points are colored by treatment type (RC = antifungal reference controls, EO = essential oils, and REO = RAMEB-EO complexes) and shaped by Candida species (Ca, Ct, Ck, and Cd). The dashed crosshairs indicate the origin (0, 0). The gray arrows depict rotated loading vectors: PC1 captures a dominant stress/redox intensity axis (positive direction aligned with ROS and SOD1 , opposed to GPX1 ), whereas PC2 reflects a CAT1 -centered antioxidant-response axis (positive direction aligned with CAT1 ). The centroid labels (treatment codes) indicate the mean position of each treatment across species. The hash marks (#) denote variables with the strongest contributions to the displayed axes (highest absolute loadings). Note: MN is excluded from this panel to prevent the stress-control anchor from compressing the experimental space; full PCA including MN is provided in the .

    Article Snippet: The oils were subsequently encapsulated in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory (Budapest, Hungary) to produce the RAMEB–essential oil inclusion complexes used in the biological experiments.

    Techniques: Transformation Assay, Control